Improving Parrot Welfare: Case Studies from Home and Zoo Settings

This case study explores how applying species-specific ethological knowledge can significantly improve the welfare of captive parrots in both companion animal and zoological settings. Although parrots are widely kept in homes and zoos, their complex cognitive, social, and behavioural needs are frequently unmet, leading to poor welfare, stereotypic behaviours, feather-destructive behaviour (FDB), and chronic stress. Drawing on current literature and the evolutionary biology of psittacines, the case study identifies key welfare requirements, including opportunities for flight, social interaction, environmental enrichment, and natural foraging. Two case studies demonstrate the practical application of these principles. The first follows the rehabilitation of an 11-year-old rescued masked lovebird, whose welfare improved substantially following gradual environmental enrichment, dietary improvement, increased space, and the introduction of a compatible companion. The second examines the management of a zoo-housed blue-and-yellow macaw, where changes including larger and enriched housing, restored flight, increased social contact, positive reinforcement training, and appropriate temperature management resulted in marked reductions in stereotypic behaviours and improved physical condition. These case studies illustrate that relatively straightforward husbandry modifications can produce substantial welfare benefits across diverse captive environments. Finally, practical welfare checklists for both home and zoo settings are presented to support evidence-based management and encourage consistent assessment of parrot welfare by owners, keepers, and animal care professionals. Information © The Author 2026