Extended-depth-of-field Fourier light-field microscopy based on Bessel beams

We report Bessel-beam-based Fourier light-field microscopy (Bessel-FLFM), an extended-depth-of-field (DOF) snapshot volumetric imaging method. By integrating annular pupil modulation into Fourier light-field detection, Bessel-FLFM employs an annular microlens array to generate Bessel-like point spread functions, enabling substantial DOF extension for high-resolution volumetric imaging. We further introduce radiality-analysis-based Richardson–Lucy deconvolution for high-resolution three-dimensional reconstruction. Experiments with fluorescent beads demonstrate a 16 μm DOF, with lateral and axial resolutions of approximately 350 and 500 nm, respectively. High-speed volumetric tracking of freely diffusing beads achieves an imaging rate of 100 Hz. Multicolor imaging of biological samples further validates the applicability of Bessel-FLFM for snapshot volumetric fluorescence imaging at subcellular resolution.