N-Chloro-alkoxy-s-triazine-Based Antimicrobial Additives: Preparation, Characterization, and Antimicrobial and Biofilm-Controlling Functions

A series of N -chloro-alkoxy-s-triazine antimicrobial additives were synthesized in this study. The structures of the samples were confirmed with FTIR, 1 H NMR, and thermal analyses. The N -chlorinated alkoxy- s -triazines provided potent antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus, Gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli ( E. coli, Gram-negative bacteria) under waterborne test conditions. The N -chlorinated alkoxy- s -triazines were incorporated into polyurethane, one of the most widely used polymer materials, as antimicrobial additives through solvent casting. Upon contact, the resultant films provided a total kill of S. aureus and E. coli, and they successfully prevented the formation of bacterial biofilms on film surfaces, pointing to great potential of the new N -chloro-alkoxy- s -triazine antimicrobial additive approach for a broad range of antimicrobial and Biofilm-controlling applications.