Effect of magnesium sulphate on bi-spectral index (BIS) values during general anesthesia in children

BACKGROUND: Magnesium was reported to reduce both the anesthetic requirements and the period needed to reach a bi-spectral index value of 60 when used intra-operatively (Br J Anaesth 83:302-20, 1999; Anesth Analg 20:1273-5, 1988; Br J Anaesth 89:594-8, 2002; Anesth Analg 87:206-10, 1998; Br J Anaesth 89:594-8, 2002; Br J Anaesth 94:438-41, 2005) and to minimize the emergence agitation (Anaesthesia 61:1058-63, 2006). Previous studies examined the influence of magnesium on the anesthetic requirements while the bi-spectral Index values were kept within a constant range. We evaluated the effect of intraoperative magnesium on the bi-spectral index values during pediatric anesthesia while we kept other anesthetic variables unchanged. METHODS: Eighty pediatric patients with ASA physical status I, age 2-8 years and scheduled for minor infra-umbilical elective procedures included in a prospective randomized controlled study. We randomly divided patients into two groups. Group I (40 patients); received a bolus dose 50 mg/kg of magnesium sulphate followed by an infusion at rate of 15 mg/kg/h throughout the procedure. Group II (40 patients); received the same amount in the form of ringer acetate for blinding. We compared between the groups regarding: 1) BIS values. 2) Hemodynamic parameters. 3) Arterial oxygen saturation 4) End-tidal CO2 5) Respiratory rate and 6) Tidal volume. RESULTS: Magnesium group (Group I) showed significantly lower BIS values and shorter time to achieve BIS values below 60. Respiratory parameters (tidal volume and respiratory rate) were significantly lower in the magnesium group. Otherwise, no significant differences between the study group and the control group were detected. DISCUSSION: Our study has the advantage of evaluating the direct effect of magnesium sulphate on the Bi-spectral index scale with keeping other intraoperative factors almost constant (as the type of operations, induction and maintenance techniques, end-tidal anesthetic concentration, analgesia and mode of ventilation) for accurate assessment. CONCLUSION: Magnesium produced significantly lower BIS values, less time to reach BIS values below 60, lower tidal volume and lower respiratory rate during pediatric general anesthesia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Pan African Clinical Trial Registry, www.pactr.org , PACTR201312000666231 . Registered at 6 October 2013.