ANGPTL8 is upregulated in subcutaneous adipose tissue at early term after bariatric surgery in patients living with obesity

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Sample recruitment flow chart. Of the initial 31 patients who underwent bariatric surgery, 22 were selected for the RNA‐seq and proteomics study. Forty‐four sWAT samples were collected, 22 of which were obtained at the time of surgery (0 M) and 22 3 months after the surgery (3 M or at early‐term after bariatric surgery). The 22 samples with good RNA integrity (RIN > 6) were used for proteomic and RNA‐sequencing analysis.

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  FIGURE 2. Tissue inflammatory protein markers in sWAT at the time of surgery and 3 months after bariatric surgery. After normality assessment, the Mann–Whitney test was used to assess statistically significant differences (p < .05) between the Normalized Protein Expression (NPX) of the proteins. *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.

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  FIGURE 3. Transcriptomic of the sWAT at the time of surgery and 3 months after bariatric surgery. (A) Heatmap of gene expression comparisons between sWAT at the time of surgery (orange) and at early‐term after bariatric surgery (pink). Red (upregulated), green (downregulated), black (no modulation); and Volcano Plot showing significantly up‐regulated (red), down‐regulated (green) and non‐modulated (blue) genes. (B) PCA plot showing the dispersion between the samples collected at the time of surgery (red) and 3 months after (blue) bariatric surgery. (C) RNA‐seq validation by qRT‐PCR of differentially regulated genes at the time of surgery and after bariatric surgery. After normality assessment, statistically significant differences were calculated with an unpaired t‐test. *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001.

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  FIGURE 4. Significant biological pathways differentially regulated 3 months after bariatric surgery. (A) GO (Gene Ontology) annotation of pathways and biological processes differentially affected by surgery. (B) REACTOME analysis of curated pathways affected by surgery. (C) KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis showing metabolic pathways and processes regulated by surgery. (D) STRING® analysis showing the interaction between the main differentially regulated genes in response to the surgery, and the pathways they participate in.

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  FIGURE 5. ANGPTL8 transcript levels are associated with extracellular matrix remodelling markers, insulin resistance, energy and lipid metabolism markers. Pearson's correlation between ANGPTL8 transcript levels and transcript levels of marker genes in human WAT involved in (A) extracellular matrix remodelling, (B) the insulin signalling pathway and calcium metabolism, (C) energy and lipid metabolism. Pearson's correlation coefficient and associated p‐value are indicated in the graphs.