Adipokines and Inflammatory Markers in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients with and without Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Comparative Analysis

Figures

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  Figure 1. Serum levels of adipokines (A) adiponectin, (B) leptin, (C) resistin, (D) IL-6, and (E) TNF-α in all groups. Data are presented as means with SDs. Differences between groups were analyzed via Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s multiple comparison test. p values < 0.05 were considered to represent statistical differences. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF).

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  Figure 2. Serum levels of inflammatory markers (A) PAI-1, (B) ET-1, (C) SAA, and (D) CRP in all the groups. Data are presented as means with SDs. Differences between groups were analyzed via Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s multiple comparison test. p values < 0.05 were considered to represent statistically significant differences. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1); Endothelin 1 (ET-1); Serum Amyloid A (SAA), and C-reactive protein (CRP).

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  Figure 3. Correlation matrix of AMI patients, with the serum levels of inflammatory markers and the main indices. Spearman’s correlation coefficients are presented. The heatmap was plotted using https://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/en (accessed on 19 September 2023), a free online platform for data analysis and visualization. Body mass index (BMI); Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA); The Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE); thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI); Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF); Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); Obstructive Apnea Index (OAI); Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI); Saturation of Oxygen (SaO2); Endothelin-1 (ET-1); Serum amyloid A (SAA); C-reactive protein (CRP); Interleukin-6 (IL-6); Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI); Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF); Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS); Creatine Kinase (CK); Creatin Kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB); and Cardiac troponin T (TnT).

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  Figure 4. Correlation matrix of control group, with the serum levels of inflammatory markers and the main indices. Spearman’s correlation coefficients are presented. The heatmap was plotted using https://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/en (accessed on 19 September 2023), a free online platform for data analysis and visualization. Body mass index (BMI); Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA); Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); Obstructive Apnea Index (OAI); Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI); Saturation of Oxygen (SaO2); Endothelin-1 (ET-1); Serum amyloid A (SAA); C-reactive protein (CRP); Interleukin-6 (IL-6); Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI); Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF); Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS).