Biosynthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Glochidion candolleanum Phytochemicals and Their Biomedical Applications

Ethanolic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 2 O 3 NPs) were biosynthesized with the help of Glochidion candolleanum leaf extract (GCL) and were characterized utilizing FT‐IR, SEM‐EDAX, TEM, and XRD analyses The presence of Fe─O bonds was confirmed by FT‐IR, and TEM images revealed particles with a size range of 13.57–27.24 nm. By conducting DPPH, ABTS, and H 2 O 2 assays, the Fe 2 O 3 NPs demonstrated robust antioxidant activity and considerable antibacterial activity, especially against Escherichia coli (22.05 ± 0.08 mm) and Candida tropicalis (21.15 ± 0.18 mm) at the concentration of 100 µL/mL. The antioxidant efficacy of Fe 2 O 3 NPs revealed notable antioxidant activities with the IC 50 values of 45.62, 56.18, and 80.88 µg/mL, respectively for DPPH, ABTS, H 2 O 2 assays. An IC 50 of 27.6 µg/mL was observed in the cytotoxicity investigation of MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells. The effectiveness of these treatments in killing Aedes aegypti larvae and pupae validates their utility in vector control. This research provides more evidence that Fe 2 O 3 NPs produced by GCL have great potential in the fields of biomedicine and environment.