Key result
Hepatocellular carcinoma was associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular death compared to the general US population (SMR 11.15; 95% CI 10.99-11.32).
Why the study?
Cardiovascular diseases have emerged as a prominent cause of mortality in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, but the comorbid effects of CVDs required further investigation.
Are patients with hepatocellular carcinoma at increased risk of cardiovascular death compared to the general population?
Observational
Are patients with hepatocellular carcinoma at increased risk of cardiovascular death compared to the general population?
Effect estimate: SMR 11.15 (95% CI 10.99-11.32)
Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have an 11-fold higher risk of cardiovascular death compared to the general US population, with the highest relative risk observed in younger patients.
HCC patients warrant closer CVD monitoring; this Level 4 analysis leaves open whether targeted interventions improve outcomes.
Clinical data has shown that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have emerged as a prominent cause of mortality in individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This research aimed to reveal the comorbid effects of CVDs in patients with HCC. The cardiovascular mortality of patients diagnosed with HCC between 2000 and 2014 was compared to that of the general US population. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated to quantify the relative risk of cardiovascular mortality in HCC patients. The cumulative incidence of cardiovascular death (CVD) was estimated using Fine-Gray testing, and independent risk factors for CVD were determined using competing risk models. The results were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier analysis. The overall SMR for CVD in HCC patients was 11.15 (95% CI: 10.99-11.32). The risk of CVD was significantly higher in patients aged < 55 years (SMR: 56.19 [95% CI: 54.97-57.44]) compared to those aged ≥ 75 years (SMR: 1.86 [95% CI: 1.75-1.97]). This study suggests that patients with HCC are at significant risk of developing CVD. Competing risk analyses indicated that age, grade, tumor size, surveillance, epidemiology, and end results stage, and surgical status were independent risk factors for CVD in patients with HCC. Therefore, patients with HCC require enhanced preventive screening and management of CVDs during and after treatment to improve patient survival.
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Cao et al. (2023) conducted an observational in Hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma vs. General US population was evaluated on Cardiovascular death (SMR 11.15, 95% CI 10.99-11.32). Hepatocellular carcinoma was associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular death compared to the general US population (SMR 11.15; 95% CI 10.99-11.32).
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