Key result
Mediastinal angiosarcoma is an extremely rare and aggressive tumor that can present as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, a previously unreported clinical presentation.
Case Report (n=1)
Highlights a rare presentation of mediastinal angiosarcoma as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.
May broaden diffuse alveolar hemorrhage differentials; hypothesis-generating and requires validation in larger cohorts.
Angiosarcomas are malignant vascular tumors. Angiosarcomas arising in the thorax such as angiosarcoma of the lungs, heart and mediastinum are extremely rare. There are no reports of mediastinal angiosarcomas presenting with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, which is a clinical syndrome characterized by the presence of hemoptysis, dyspnea, hypoxia, diffuse lung infiltrates and anemia. Usually, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is caused by pulmonary capillaritis. Local invasion is more common with these tumors than distant metastasis. These tumors are very aggressive and have a poor response to treatment modalities including surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation. Consequently, they carry a poor prognosis. Due to the rarity of these tumors, no standard chemotherapy or radiation protocol exists. We report a case of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage caused by a previously unreported entity: angiosarcoma of the mediastinum.
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Datta et al. (2018) conducted a case report in Mediastinal angiosarcoma presenting as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (n=1). Mediastinal angiosarcoma was evaluated. Mediastinal angiosarcoma is an extremely rare and aggressive tumor that can present as diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, a previously unreported clinical presentation.
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