Thoracic Spinal Nerve Neuromodulation Therapy for Diabetic Gastroparesis: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Diabetic gastroparesis (DGp) is associated with severe symptoms, impaired quality of life, and significant health care utilization.1 Treatment of DGp remains unsatisfactory. Metoclopramide is the only Food and Drug Administration–approved medication for gastroparesis. Gastric electrical stimulation is approved for compassionate use in refractory patients; however, it is invasive, lacks robust supporting evidence, does not consistently improve symptoms, and is associated with serious adverse events.