Association between metabolic visceral fat score and left ventricular hypertrophy in individuals with type 2 diabetes

Figures

• 

  Fig. 1. Flowchart of the selection process of study subjects. ASCVD atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, METS-VF Metabolic Visceral Fat Score

• 

  Fig. 2. The violin plots demonstrating the distribution of echocardiographic parameters among patients in different METS-VF groups. METS-VF Metabolic score for visceral fat. IVS interventricular septal thickness, LVPW LV posterior wall thickness, LVEDd LV end-diastolic dimension, LVESd LV end-systolic dimension, LAD left atrial diameter, LVEF LV ejection fraction, LVMI LV mass index, RWT relative wall thickness. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001, NS. P value of o significance

• 

  Fig. 3. The dose–response relationship between METS-VF and the risk of LVH. (A-1) Crude model with all participants; (A-2) Adjusted model with all participants; (B-1) Crude model with male participants; (B-2) Adjusted model with male participants; (C-1) Crude model with female participants; (C-2) Adjusted model with female participants. The red line represents the odds ratio based on the restricted cubic spline models, and the shad area represents the 95% confidence interval (knots on the 10th, 50th,90th percentiles). The dash line represents the OR equal to 1. The 10th percentiles were set as the reference values. The model was adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, level of education, smoking status, drinking status, weight loss in last 1 year, SBP, HR, VAT, AT, HT, FBG, fasting insulin and C-peptide, 2-h insulin and C-peptide, HOMA-IR, TG, TC, LDL-c, ALT, ALB, eGFR, ACR category, BUN, Hb, RBC, WBC, HCT, MCH, SGLT2i, GLP-1 RA, sulfonylureas, glucosidase Inhibitor, β-blockers, renin angiotensin blockers, CCBs, diuretic, statins, anti-platelet drugs

• 

  Fig. 4. Stratified analyses of the association between METS-VF and LVH risk in T2DM patients. The model was adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, education level, smoking status, drinking status, weight loss in last 1 year, SBP, HR, VAT, SAT, HT, FBG, fasting insulin and C-peptide, 2-h insulin and C-peptide, HOMA-IR, TG, TC, LDL-c, ALT, ALB, eGFR, ACR category, BUN, Hb, RBC, WBC, HCT, MCH, SGLT2i, GLP-1 RA, sulfonylureas, glucosidase inhibitor, β-blockers, renin angiotensin blockers, CCBs, diuretic, statins, anti-platelet drugs (excluding the variable for subgroup stratification)

• 

  Fig. 5. Comparison of predictive performances for LVH between METS-VF and other o abdominal obesity indices. A all participants B female C male. ROC Receiver operating characteristic. LVH left ventricular hypertrophy, WC waist circumference, HC hip circumstance, VAT visceral adipose tissue, BMI body mass index, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, AVI abdominal volume index, LAP lipid accumulation product, CMI cardiometabolic Index, CVAI Chinese visceral adiposity index, METS-VF metabolic score for visceral fat