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Substrate core chemical shifts upon chemisorption of oxygen on aluminum are observed using variable-excitation-energy photoelectron spectroscopy. At low exposures a unique intermediate oxidation state evolves where the Al 2p level is shifted by only 1.3 eV toward higher binding energy as compared to the 2.6-eV shift observed for heavily oxidized aluminum (A1₂ O₃). Simultaneous observation of the O 2p resonance shows evidence for a sharp phase change at exposures close to monolayer formation.
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Flodström et al. (1976) studied this question.
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