Retrospective study shows declining canine parvovirus incidence but persistent mortality in primary care dogs, highlighting key clinical prognostic markers.
Key Points
To evaluate longitudinal trends in incidence and patient characteristics, as well as clinical risk factors associated with mortality, among dogs diagnosed with canine parvovirus across primary care veterinary hospitals.
Retrospective analysis of electronic medical records from > 1,000 primary care veterinary hospitals between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2023 (N=78,977 dogs diagnosed with canine parvovirus).
Assessed demographic signalment, clinical signs, laboratory values, and 14-day survival outcomes using stepwise multivariable logistic regression modeling.
CPV incidence declined from 45.2 cases per 10,000 dogs per year in 2010 to 6.5 cases per 10,000 dogs per year in 2022, with a 43.6% mortality or euthanasia rate observed among 37,707 dogs with 14-day follow-up.
Increased odds of mortality were associated with hypoproteinemia (OR, 4.44; 95% CI, 2.01 to 9.81), underweight body condition (OR, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.40 to 6.36), lymphopenia, leukopenia, and elevated alanine aminotransferase.
Neutered or spayed status was associated with substantially lower odds of mortality (OR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.08), as were higher body weight and concurrent intestinal parasites.