Advanced functional materials for engineering structures in maritime and coastal regions – recent development and technology milestone

This review critically assesses recent advancements in cutting-edge functional materials, including geopolymers, lightweight renewable composites, mixed concrete, and corrosion-resistant reinforcements for coastal and marine engineering structures. The relationship between material structure performance is particularly highlighted in the article, which examines how various materials affect groins, seawalls, revetments, breakwaters, jetties, gabions, and erosion resistance, as well as their ecological compatibility and durability. Accordingly, the overall structure of this review follows a logical sequence: it begins by identifying the main engineering challenges in coastal structures, then reviews recent innovations in advanced functional materials designed to address those challenges, and concludes with an evaluation of their performance, durability, and sustainability in marine environments. The review introduces an integrated framework that connects structural functionality, material durability, and environmental sustainability in coastal engineering applications. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the advantages, disadvantages, and environmental impacts of novel materials in challenging maritime environments.Highlights Coastal structures face rapid deterioration due to harsh marine environments, including chloride exposure and erosion.Corrosion resistance is crucial for materials used in coastal construction to ensure long-term durability.Advanced composites and coatings like FRP and polymer-based solutions help protect structures from degradation.Self-healing and high-performance materials improve resilience against cracking and environmental damage.Sustainable and durable materials are essential for reducing maintenance costs and extending service life.