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September 3, 2026International Journal of Women s HealthOpen Access

Global Burden, Demographic and Geographic Disparities of Osteoarthritis by Joint Site Among Adults Aged 55 Years and Older, 1990–2021

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Authors

WHWenwen HuangYYYing YingLSLingyan Sun

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Overview

Cross-national epidemiological study reveals rising osteoarthritis burden and joint-specific disparities in older adults, highlighting an urgent need for tailored regional interventions.

Key Points

  • To evaluate global trends, joint-site distributions, and demographic disparities in osteoarthritis burden among adults aged 55 years and older between 1990 and 2021.
  • Extracted epidemiological data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study spanning 204 countries and territories.
  • Calculated estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates using Joinpoint regression, stratified by joint site (knee, hip, hand, other), sex, age group, and Sociodemographic Index (SDI).
  • Global osteoarthritis burden increased continuously (overall EAPC: 0.21 for ASIR; 0.33 for DALYs), with knee OA generating the highest burden (ASIR: 1045.52; DALY: 592.26 per 100,000) and hand OA exhibiting the fastest growth (ASIR EAPC: 0.43; DALY EAPC: 0.49).
  • Females experienced substantially higher burdens (ASIR: 1813.94 vs. males: 1354.57 per 100,000; DALY: 1262.98 vs. males: 891.58 per 100,000) alongside faster growth rates (EAPC: 0.24 vs. 0.19); incidence peaked at ages 55–59 (1800.1 per 100,000) while DALYs peaked at ages 90 and older (1589.7 per 100,000).
  • High-SDI regions had the highest overall burden (ASIR: 1873.28; DALY: 1277.17 per 100,000), but middle-SDI regions expanded most rapidly (ASIR EAPC: 0.40; DALY EAPC: 0.56), driven by Southeast Asia, East Asia, and South Asia.

Cite This Study

Huang et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a993592636c6408cfa7df2fhttps://doi.org/10.2147/ijwh.s633342
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Also Consider

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  4. 4Dynamic Burden of Elderly Knee Osteoarthritis: Global, Regional, and National Analysis (Global Burden of Disease 1990 to 2050)2026
  5. 5The global burden of osteoarthritis hand: lessons from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–20212025 · 4 citations