Ultrasonographic diagnosis of uterine abscess in a crossbred cow

Uterine abscess is an uncommon but clinically significant reproductive pathology in cattle that may severely compromise uterine health and fertility. This report describes the diagnosis of a uterine abscess in a Jersey crossbred cow presented with whitish purulent genital discharge without systemic illness. Transrectal palpation revealed unilateral uterine horn distension, while trans‐rectal ultrasonographic examination identified a well‐defined intraluminal cavitary lesion with echogenic walls and turbid intrauterine contents suggestive of a localized uterine abscess. Differential diagnoses including pyometra, chronic endometritis, mucometra, hydrometra, hemometra and fetal maceration were considered based on clinical and ultrasonographic findings. Due to the guarded reproductive prognosis associated with extensive uterine pathology and adhesions, therapeutic intervention was not attempted and culling was advised. This case highlights the importance of transrectal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of localized uterine pathology and emphasizes the need for timely reproductive evaluation in cattle presented with genital discharge.