Photovoltaic Intermittency Representation in Battery Sizing: A Systematic Literature Review

The growing integration of photovoltaic generation into power systems has raised concerns about electricity supply reliability due to the intermittent nature of solar resources. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) have emerged as a promising solution to enhance system flexibility and reliability. However, accurate storage sizing remains challenging, mainly due to the heterogeneous analytical approaches used to represent photovoltaic intermittency in the literature. This systematic literature review examines how photovoltaic intermittency is characterized and incorporated into BESS sizing methodologies for reliability-oriented applications. The review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the PICOD framework. Literature searches were conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE, and Google Scholar. A total of 36 studies met the inclusion criteria and were critically evaluated using a structured methodological quality assessment. A qualitative narrative synthesis was performed to identify methodological trends, conceptual approaches, and research gaps. The findings reveal a predominance of probabilistic and stochastic methods, while only a limited number of studies explicitly address the physical dynamics of intermittency through persistence-based analyses, ramp-event characterization, or temporal patterns associated with alternating high- and low-generation periods. Moreover, the review highlights the lack of metrics capable of effectively representing solar generation dynamics across multiple temporal resolutions. The reviewed literature provides a comprehensive synthesis of current methodological strategies for integrating photovoltaic intermittency into BESS sizing frameworks, emphasizing dominant research trends, conceptual limitations, and methodological gaps. These findings provide relevant insights for researchers and power system planners seeking to develop more reliable and physically informed storage sizing approaches.