Curcumin Acts as a Chemosensitizer for Leiomyosarcoma Cells In Vitro But Fails to Mediate Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Cisplatin-Induced Experimental Nephrotoxicity in Rats

Figures

• 

  Figure 1.. Cell viability of LMS treated with CP (A) or curcumin (C) in various concentrations for 24 and 48 hours: Cell viability of MRC-5 cells treated with CP (B) or curcumin (D) in various concentrations for 24 and 48 hours. Cell viability of LMS cells (E) and MRC-5 cells (F) preincubated with CRV (7.5 µM) for 24 hours and treated with CP for 48 hours. The power curve fit model was used for curve fitting (GraphPad Prism 6 Software). Abbreviations: LMS, leiomyosarcoma; CP, cisplatin; CRV, curcumin reference value.

• 

  Figure 2.. Quantification of the apoptotic effects (A) and cell-cycle analysis (B) of cisplatin (IC50), curcumin (CRV, 7.5 µM), and CRV with cisplatin in LMS cells. Representative flow cytometry images for apoptosis (C) and cell cycle analysis (D). C1 and D1, control; C2 and D2, 7.5 µM curcumin-CRV; C3 and D3, cisplatin-IC50; C4 and D4, LMS cells preincubated with CRV (7.5 µM) for 24 hours and treated with cisplatin for 48 hours). Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Abbreviations: LMS, leiomyosarcoma; CP, cisplatin; CRV, curcumin reference value. a Significantly different from control, P < .05. b Significantly different from cisplatin, P < .05.

• 

  Figure 3.. Mitochondrial viability after treatment of LMS cells with CP (IC50), CRV (7.5 µM), and CRV with increasing doses of CP. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Abbreviations: LMS, leiomyosarcoma; CP, cisplatin; CRV, curcumin reference value. a Significantly different from control, P < .05. b Significantly different from cisplatin, P < .05.

• 

  Figure 4.. Effects of curcumin (4, 8, and 16 mg/kg body weight) on (A) SOD activity, (B) GPx activity, and (C) malonaldehyde urine concentration in cisplatin (5 mg/kg body weight) treated rats. Enzyme activity for GPx is expressed as units per gram hemoglobin and for SOD as percentage inhibition rate. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Control group (CG): no treatment; cisplatin group (CPG): intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin at a single dose of 5 mg/kg body weight (day 4); curcumin groups (C4G, C8G, and C16G): intraperitoneal administration of curcumin of 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg body weight, respectively—2 single doses every 2 days (day 0 and day 2); curcumin prior to cisplatin groups (C4CPG, C8CPG, and C16CPG): intraperitoneal administration of curcumin of 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg body weight, respectively—2 single doses every 2 days (day 0 and day 2) before the injection of cisplatin (day 4). Abbreviations: GPx, glutathione peroxidase; SOD, superoxide dismutase. a Significantly different from control, P < .05. b Significantly different from cisplatin, P < .05.

• 

  Figure 5.. Effects of curcumin (4, 8, and 16 mg/kg body weight) on (A) BUN, (B) creatinine, and (C) kidney relative weight in cisplatin (5 mg/kg body weight) treated rats. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Control group (CG): no treatment; cisplatin group (CPG): intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin at a single dose of 5 mg/kg body weight (day 4); curcumin groups (C4G, C8G, and C16G): intraperitoneal administration of curcumin of 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg body weight, respectively—2 single doses every 2 days (day 0 and day 2); curcumin prior to cisplatin groups (C4CPG, C8CPG, and C16CPG): intraperitoneal administration of curcumin of 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg body weight, respectively—2 single doses every 2 days (day 0 and day 2) before the injection of cisplatin (day 4). Abbreviation: BUN, blood urea nitrogen. a Significantly different from control, P < .05. b Significantly different from cisplatin, P < .05.

• 

  Figure 6.. Effects of curcumin (4, 8, and 16 mg/kg body weight) on (A) food consumption and fecal weight and (B) water intake and urine output in cisplatin (5 mg/kg body weight) treated rats. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Control group (CG): no treatment; cisplatin group (CPG): intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin at a single dose of 5 mg/kg body weight (day 4); curcumin groups (C4G, C8G, and C16G): intraperitoneal administration of curcumin of 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg body weight, respectively—2 single doses every 2 days (day 0 and day 2); curcumin prior to cisplatin groups (C4CPG, C8CPG, and C16CPG): intraperitoneal administration of curcumin of 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg body weight, respectively—2 single doses every 2 days (day 0 and day 2) before the injection of cisplatin (day 4). a Significantly different from control, P < .05. b Significantly different from cisplatin, P < .05.

• 

  Figure 7.. Representative images from the CG, healthy kidney (A); CP, intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin at a single dose of 5 mg/kg body weight (B); intraperitoneal administration of curcumin of 16 mg/kg body weight—2 single doses every 2 days (C); and intraperitoneal administration of curcumin of 16 mg/kg body weight—2 single doses every 2 days (day 0 and day 2) before the injection of cisplatin (day 4) (D). Tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and magnified by 200.