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Xanthine differentiation may guide targeted research; leaves open any shift in clinical use of caffeine or theophylline.
This historical review outlines the pharmacological differences between xanthine derivatives, noting theophylline's circulatory and diuretic utility despite gastric and renal side effects.
Norman H. Boyer (1943) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 4 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: