Key result
Oral anticoagulant therapy was associated with a significantly reduced risk of dementia compared with no treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation (RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.60-0.86; P=.000).
Why the study?
To assess the effect of oral anticoagulant administration on the incidence of dementia in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Does oral anticoagulant therapy reduce the incidence of dementia in patients with atrial fibrillation?
Meta-Analysis (n=613,920)
Does oral anticoagulant therapy reduce the incidence of dementia in patients with atrial fibrillation?
Oral anticoagulant therapy is associated with a reduced risk of incident dementia in patients with atrial fibrillation, though the evidence is limited by high heterogeneity across observational studies.
May support OAC consideration in AF for dementia risk reduction; leaves open confirmation by RCTs given observational data and high heterogeneity.
Aims To assess the effect of oral anticoagulant (OAC) administration on incidence of dementia in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) with Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We systematically searched the electronic databases including Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane library and ClinicalTrails.gov for relevant articles. The primary outcome was the incidence of dementia. The adjusted risk ratio (RR), odds ratio or hazard ratio were extracted and pooled by the random-effects models. Subgroup analysis was performed according to the setting observational window. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, while publication bias was assessed by the Begg's and Egger's tests. Results Nine studies were included in this review (2 prospective and 7 retrospective observational studies, including 613,920 patients). The results presented the significant association between OAC therapy and the reduced risk of dementia compared with no treatment (RR [95% CI] = 0.72 [0.60, 0.86], I2 = 97.2%; P = .000). In the subgroup analysis with an observational window, the pooled RR became statistically non-significant (including four studies, RR [95% CI] = 0.75 [0.51, 1.10], I2 = 98.8%; P = .000). There is no significant risk of bias and publication bias. Conclusions This study indicated the protective effect of OAC therapy for dementia in patients with AF. However, the results are limited because of high heterogeneity, inconsistent direction of effect in subgroup analysis with an observational window. Further prospective well-designed study is needed with longer follow-up duration in younger patients.
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Lin et al. (2021) conducted a meta-analysis in atrial fibrillation (n=613,920). Oral anticoagulants vs. no treatment was evaluated on incidence of dementia (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.60-0.86, p=.000). Oral anticoagulant therapy was associated with a significantly reduced risk of dementia compared with no treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation (RR 0.72; 95% CI 0.60-0.86; P=.000).
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