Iron therapy in iron-deficiency patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

BACKGROUND: Nearly half of patients with heart failure (HF) have preserved ejection fraction (EF) and the mortality and morbidity of patients with HF with preserved EF (HFpEF) are high. However, there is no established therapy to improve survival in these patients. HFpEF patients are often elderly and their primary chronic symptom is severe exercise intolerance. Thus, improvement of exercise capacity presents another important clinical outcome in HFpEF patients. Iron deficiency is common in HF patients, and the presence of iron deficiency, regardless of concomitant anemia, is associated with worse symptoms, impaired exercise capacity, and higher mortality and hospitalization in these patients. Several meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials reported that iron administration improved HF symptoms, exercise capacity, and clinical outcomes in iron-deficiency patients with HF with reduced EF. However, there is insufficient evidence as to the effect of iron administration in iron-deficiency HFpEF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: This meta-analysis will include randomized controlled trials on the effects of iron administration on HF symptoms, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life in iron-deficiency HFpEF patients. Information of studies will be collected from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The primary outcome will be exercise capacity (6-minute walking distance). The secondary outcomes will be HF symptoms, health-related quality of life, and mortality and hospitalization rates. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis will evaluate the effect of iron therapy in iron-deficiency HFpEF patients, providing evidence as to the iron administration in these patients. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42020205297.