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August 1, 2026Genes & DiseasesOpen Access

MicroRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: Diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic insights: A comprehensive review

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Authors

YZYusra ZarlashatSKShahid Ullah KhanMUMuneeb Ullah

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Overview

Comprehensive review reveals the biomarker and therapeutic utility of microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma, highlighting their potential for noninvasive diagnosis and targeted delivery.

Key Points

  • To evaluate the regulatory mechanisms, clinical biomarker utility, and therapeutic potential of microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma progression and clinical management.
  • Literature synthesis examining the functional roles of tissue-specific and circulating microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis and metastasis.
  • Evaluation of delivery vehicles for miRNA mimics and inhibitors, including lipid nanoparticles, viral vectors, exosomes, and minicircles.
  • Assessment of ongoing clinical trials (such as NCT04965259 and NCT05148572) validating circulating and exosomal miRNA signatures for early detection and recurrence monitoring.
  • Upregulation of specific microRNAs, most notably miR-21 and miR-155, is linked to metastasis and poor prognosis, whereas miR-122, miR-21, and miR-221 serve as prominent diagnostic biomarkers.
  • Exosomal microRNAs, including miR-210 and miR-638, demonstrate efficacy as noninvasive diagnostic markers, though their precise biological roles in preparing pre-metastatic niches require further investigation.
  • Therapeutic strategies utilizing miRNA mimics and inhibitors show consistent preclinical effectiveness, but clinical translation remains constrained by cellular delivery and vehicle-specific limitations.

Cite This Study

Zarlashat et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9a24c56bb205df309e4ef1https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2026.102419
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1MicroRNA Landscape in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Metabolic Re-Wiring, Predictive and Diagnostic Biomarkers, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets2025 · 12 citations
  2. 2Dysregulation of MicroRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Targeting Oncogenic Signaling Pathways for Innovative Therapies2025 · 14 citations
  3. 3MicroRNAs in HCC: regulatory roles and therapeutic potential2026
  4. 4The Role of MicroRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Tumorigenesis to Biomarker Applications2026
  5. 5Prognostic significance and molecular implication of microRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma following curative surgical resection2026