The Utility of Pre-Procedural Blood Tests in Neuraxial Blocks: A Retrospective Study in High-Risk Patients

Background/Objectives: The necessity and clinical utility of routine pre-procedural blood tests (PBTs) before neuraxial blockade remain controversial. This study evaluates the effectiveness of PBTs in identifying clinically significant conditions in an outpatient setting. Methods: This single-center retrospective study involved patients who received neuraxial blockades from January 2020 to August 2023. We extracted medical information and laboratory data from the electronic medical records during the pre-procedural period. Through a multivariate regression analysis, we identified patient factors associated with abnormal laboratory results. Results: Advanced age (OR, 1.021; p = 0.026) and a history of cancer (OR, 2.359; p = 0.016) were significantly associated with elevated CRP levels (>0.30 mg/dL). Severe hyperglycemia (≥200 mg/dL) was found in 24 patients (3.88%), with a history of cancer being a strong predictor (OR, 6.764; p < 0.001). No significant abnormalities were observed in PT or PTT. Reduced eGFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m2) was detected in 8.62% of patients, despite no prior history of renal dysfunction. A multivariate analysis revealed that advanced age, hypertension, cancer, and coronary artery disease were significant predictors of abnormal PBT results, highlighting the importance of selective testing in high-risk patients. Conclusions: Routine PBTs are not universally required for all patients undergoing neuraxial blockade but can provide crucial information in high-risk populations. A selective testing approach based on individual risk factors is recommended to optimize patient safety and resource utilization. Future studies should aim to establish clear guidelines for targeted PBT use.