The shape memory properties of Fe–Mn–Si-based alloys containing Nb and C are further improved by pre-rolling of the solution-treated austenite and the subsequent ageing treatment. For an Fe–28Mn–6Si–5Cr–0.53Nb–0.06C (mass%) alloy, 90% of an initial 4% strain is recovered on heating without any previous training treatment, if the alloy in austenitic state is rolled by 6–14% at 870 K and aged at 1070 K for 10 min to produce NbC precipitates. In the same condition, the alloy develops shape recovery stresses of 255 MPa and 295 MPa for 6% and 14% pre-rolling, respectively, when initially deformed by 4.5%. TEM observations indicate that these improved shape memory characteristics are related to a fine distribution of NbC precipitates in the fcc matrix and their interaction with stacking faults.
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Baruj et al. (2002) studied this question.