Gingival Recessions: Epidemiologic, Etiologic and Therapeutic Aspects

The etiology of gingival recessions is considered multi-factorial. The triggering factors act on an anatomically vulnerable area, producing apical displacement of the marginal gingiva. In some clinical situations nonsurgical treatment targeted at the etiology may be used. However, surgical treatment must be considered in cases of objectionable aesthetic alteration, progressive recessions, or increased hypersensitivity. The surgical technique chosen depends on the presence of adequate or inadequate keratinized tissue. If the existing keratinized gingiva is adequate but a gingival recession is present, usually a displacement flap is used to cover the recession. If the keratinized gingival is inadequate, gingival grafting is necessary to cover recession defects. Risk factors, such as noncarious cervical lesions and the tooth type may influence the outcome.