Eco-environmental management in islanded system sizing including battery, wind/photovoltaic/hydropower/bio-waste resources and electric vehicles

The study outlines the planning methodology for an islanded hybrid system incorporating electric vehicle parking, focusing on the optimal capacity determination of controllable and uncontrollable renewable resources, alongside batteries, while addressing both economic and environmental criteria. The goal function minimizes the construction and maintenance costs associated with battery storage systems, power electronic converters, and renewable energy units, as well as mitigating the expenses tied to battery degradation, electric vehicles depreciation, and environmental pollution from bio-waste systems. Within this framework, minimizing the total environmental pollution by the bio-waste renewable source minus the environmental cleanliness from waste by this source is considered. These objectives are governed by operation-planning constraints including resource and storage management, and converter functionality. The design also accounts for uncertainties linked to electric vehicles, fluctuating renewable energy output, and load demands. To address these uncertainties, stochastic optimization is implemented using the Unscented Transformation method. Additionally, the problem-solving approach employs a hybrid evolutionary algorithm combining the Ant-Lion Optimizer and the Red Panda Optimizer to achieve enhanced computational efficiency. Numerical simulations demonstrated that the proposed solution algorithm achieves optimal results with rapid convergence, showcasing a final response standard deviation between 0.91% and 0.92%. Notably, the inclusion of stationary energy storage devices, such as batteries, in the islanded system substantially reduces reliance on hydro and bio-waste energy generation, leading to fewer installed elements and a decrease in system planning costs compared to solely using renewable energy resources. The impact of electric vehicles was analyzed under two scenarios: when vehicles function solely as consumers, the planning cost rises by approximately 23.5%; however, when they serve as mobile storage units, the cost reduces by 1.8% in comparison to scenarios without their incorporation. This finding underscores the strategic advantage of integrating electric vehicles and battery bank as flexible storage assets in hybrid energy systems.