Key result
Three years after rotavirus vaccine introduction in Japan, 33.0% of children with acute gastroenteritis tested positive for rotavirus, with G2P[4] emerging as the second most common genotype (26.4%).
Observational (n=539)
Yes
The study highlights the re-emergence of the G2P[4] rotavirus genotype in Japan following vaccine introduction, including a notable amino acid substitution in the VP4 gene.
Post-vaccine RVA surveillance documented G1P[8] predominance; leaves open whether vaccination alters circulating strains in Japan.
Rotavirus vaccines have been available in Japan since 2011. This study conducted to monitor the trend of group A rotavirus (RVA) genotypes 3 years after vaccine introduction. A total of, 539 fecal samples were collected from children with acute gastroenteritis in six regions during July 2014-June 2015. Among them, 178 samples (33.0%) were positive for RVA. The most predominant genotype was G1P[8] (35.9%) followed by G2P[4] (26.4%), G9P[8] (21.3%), G3P[8] (4.5%), and G3P[9] (4.5%). The detection rate of G2P[4] was increased soon after vaccine introduction. Sequence analyses of VP7 and VP4 genes of the representative G2P[4] strains were found to be clustered in sub-lineage IVa of lineage IV. It is noteworthy that one amino acid substitution in the antigenic epitope (Q114P) of VP4 gene was found in representative G2P[4] strains of the current study. However, it is unclear whether the change in antigenic epitope is due to the effect of vaccination or due to natural variation, warranting further continuous monitoring of rotavirus evolution after vaccine introduction.
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Khandoker et al. (2018) conducted an observational in Acute gastroenteritis (n=539). Rotavirus vaccine introduction was evaluated on Group A rotavirus (RVA) positivity. Three years after rotavirus vaccine introduction in Japan, 33.0% of children with acute gastroenteritis tested positive for rotavirus, with G2P[4] emerging as the second most common genotype (26.4%).
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