Key result
Following the introduction of rotavirus vaccines in Japan, the previously dominant G3P[8] genotype decreased and was replaced by G1P[8], G2P[4], or G9P[8] depending on the region.
Why the study?
Does the introduction of rotavirus vaccines change the distribution of rotavirus genotypes in children with gastroenteritis?
Observational (n=522)
Yes
Does the introduction of rotavirus vaccines change the distribution of rotavirus genotypes in children with gastroenteritis?
The introduction of rotavirus vaccines in Japan was followed by significant shifts in circulating rotavirus genotypes, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring.
Rotavirus vaccine introduction was associated with genotype shifts in Japan; supports continuous strain surveillance.
In Japan, monovalent and pentavalent rotavirus (RV) vaccines were approved in 2011 and 2012, respectively. To monitor changes in the RV genotypes before and after vaccine introduction, we performed a prospective observational study among children (＜ 5 years) with gastroenteritis who tested RV-positive on antigen rapid tests. Stool samples were collected from 3 different sites in Japan: Tsu City, Mie Prefecture; Kurashiki City, Okayama Prefecture; and Isumi City, Chiba Prefecture. RV genotypes were determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In Tsu City, G3P[8] was dominant (61.0-77.1%) before vaccine introduction, but decreased after introduction. Meanwhile, in an inverse proportion to the decrease in G3P[8], G1P[8] increased until the 2013/14 season, when a sudden predominance of G2P[4] (100%) occurred. A similar trend was observed in Kurashiki City in terms of the extent of reduction in G3P[8] and the emergence of G2P[4]. In Isumi City, G1P[8] was dominant (70.3%) before vaccine introduction, and G9P[8] became predominant (83.3%) in the 2013/14 season. To determine whether the genotype changes are attributable to vaccines or natural epidemiological changes, ongoing continuous monitoring of the RV genotypes is required.
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Tanaka et al. (2017) conducted an observational in Rotavirus gastroenteritis (n=522). Rotavirus vaccine introduction vs. Pre-vaccine introduction period was evaluated on Distribution of rotavirus genotypes before and after vaccine introduction. Following the introduction of rotavirus vaccines in Japan, the previously dominant G3P[8] genotype decreased and was replaced by G1P[8], G2P[4], or G9P[8] depending on the region.
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