Key result
The A(H1N1)pdm09 virus altered the incidence of other respiratory viruses during its initial pandemic phase, increasing adenovirus and hMPV infections while decreasing RSV B and seasonal influenza.
Observational
The A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic virus altered the infection dynamics of other respiratory viruses, with distinct effects during its initial pandemic phase compared to its later seasonal phase.
May inform integrated respiratory virus surveillance during pandemics; leaves open causal mechanisms and applicability to future outbreaks.
BACKGROUND: A(H1N1)pdm09, a new influenza pandemic virus emerged in 2009. The A(H1N1)pdm09 infection had several unique characteristics which included rapid transmissibility and high morbidity in obese individuals, pregnant women and individuals suffering from chronic diseases. OBJECTIVES: To study the relationships between A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza infection and infections with other respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumo virus (hMPV), adenovirus and seasonal influenza. METHODS: Samples (nasopharyngeal swabs or aspirates) collected between 2007 until 2012 from patients of various ages that were hospitalized due to respiratory virus infections were analyzed for the presence of various respiratory viruses, using qRT-PCR. RESULTS: In 2009-2010, when the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 first appeared, two major infection peaks were noted and individuals of various ages were infected. Following the decline of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection, the percentages of patients infected with adenovirus and hMPV increased, while infection frequency with RSV B and with seasonal influenza virus decreased. Furthermore, RSV infections were delayed and very few percentages of patients were co-infected with more than one virus. Interestingly, the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus lost its dominancy when it reappeared in the winter of 2010-2011, and at this time, only the incidence of RSV infections was affected by the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. CONCLUSIONS: The A(H1N1)pdm09 virus had distinct effects on other respiratory viruses when it first appeared versus later, when it evolved from being a pandemic to a seasonal virus.
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Meningher et al. (2014) conducted an observational in Respiratory virus infections. A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza infection was evaluated on Relationships between A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza infection and infections with other respiratory viruses. The A(H1N1)pdm09 virus altered the incidence of other respiratory viruses during its initial pandemic phase, increasing adenovirus and hMPV infections while decreasing RSV B and seasonal influenza.
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