Bone Regeneration Potential of an Alginate–Carrageenan Scaffold: An Experimental Study in Wistar Rats

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these limitations, the concept of tissue engineering was introduced by Langer in 1993 as a promising approach for revival of the lost periodontium.5 This multidisciplinary field integrates biocompatible materials with cellular components, signaling molecules, and synthetic or natural scaffolds to support new tissue formation.The goal of tissue engineering is to restore tissue function by delivering stem cells, bioactive agents, or lab-engineered tissue constructs.6 In tissue engineering, scaffolds made from both natural and synthetic polymers are frequently utilized, as they replicate the chemical and physical characteristics of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM).7 These scaffolds must support bone formation (osteogenesis), which involves delivering preosteogenic cells to IntroductIonPeriodontal disease is a long-term inflammatory condition triggered by various microorganisms.It results in inflammation that damages the periodontium.While nonsurgical periodontal therapy may be sufficient to resolve inflammation and eliminate the subgingival biofilm, restoring structure and function of the periodontium requires regeneration of alveolar bone defects. 1 Traditional surgical methods like open flap debridement allow for effective access to assess and cleanse root surfaces, but they have limited capacity to restore or rebuild the various components of periodontal tissues. 2 The regeneration of toothsupporting structures is a complex biological process that relies on coordinated cellular and molecular interactions.3 Regenerative treatments often involve the use of bone graft materials to promote the development of essential surrounding tissues.However, rapid migration of epithelial cells into the wound site can hinder proper periodontal regeneration.To counter this, techniques such as guided tissue regeneration (GTR) utilize barrier membranes to block early epithelial migration and facilitate proper wound healing.4 When standard GTR techniques fail to achieve effective regeneration, various alveolar ridge defects can develop as periodontal disease progresses, making future augmentation efforts more difficult.Although autogenous block grafting is often considered the gold standard for treating such defects, it is associated with the downside of patient morbidity.To overcome