Green Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles Using Arthrospira platensis Biomass and Their Anti-Hyperglycemic Effect: An In Vivo Research in Mice

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder marked by persistent hyperglycemia, often requires multifaceted therapeutic approaches. Although Arthrospira platensis exhibits antihyperglycemic properties, its bioactive compounds have limited bioavailability. This study synthesized selenium-functionalized A. platensis nanoparticles (Se-APNPs) using Na₂SeO₃ and evaluated their effects in diabetic mice. Arthrospira platensis powdered (raw material) (AP-P), Se-APNPs (10% and 20% v/v), infused AP-P (10% v/v), and glibenclamide were tested following diabetes induction via alloxan. The 10% Se-APNPs significantly lowered fasting glucose (84 mg/dL), outperforming glibenclamide, while infused AP-P showed superior wound healing (94.5%), comparable to the drug (96.6%). Growth performance was optimal in the 10% Se-APNP group, but higher concentrations indicated potential testicular toxicity. These findings highlight Se-APNPs as a promising approach for glycemic regulation and metabolic improvement, with infused AP-P excelling in wound repair. Dose optimization is crucial for maximizing efficacy and minimizing toxicity.