Polymer–Nanotube–Enzyme Composites as Active Antifouling Films

Foul play: The design of antifouling surfaces based on functional nanocomposites that incorporate enzymes is described. In particular, films containing protease–carbon-nanotube conjugates (see image) are highly functional in preventing protein fouling. Such antifouling activity may prevent the buildup of biofilms on ship hulls, bioreactors, oil pipelines, and other surfaces prone to contamination.