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Strong metal-based emission with [TbL1] in aqueous media occurs in the absence of protons and oxygen; dissolved molecular oxygen quenches the phenanthridyl triplet (1/KSV = 58 Torr O2) but back-energy transfer to the organic triplet occurs efficiently only with the excited protonated complex (pKa″ = 5.7).
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David Parker (1998) studied this question.
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