Mounier-Kuhn syndrome: Case report and literature review

Mounier-Kuhn syndrome or tracheobronchomegaly is a rare condition characterized by dilation of the trachea and the bronchial tree, which is caused by the reduction and atrophy of the elastic fibers of the trachea and bronchi, for which there will be a greater predisposition to recurrent respiratory infections and the appearance of cylindrical bronchiectasis. We present the case of a 71-year-old woman with a history of recurrent pneumonia who consulted for dyspnea associated with a productive mucopurulent cough. Physical examination, laboratory tests, and chest X-ray were inconclusive. Bronchoscopy was performed, which showed an alteration of the tracheobronchial anatomy with marked tracheal dilation. Chest computed tomography revealed a large tracheal dilation associated with multiple diverticula on the posterior and anterior wall, findings with which the definitive diagnosis of Mounier-Kuhn syndrome was established.