Axisymmetric forced flow of nonhomogeneous nanofluid over heated permeable cylinders

Investigation of nanofluid properties around a cylinder is carried out for laminar steady-state axisymmetric flow. This study focuses on the porous medium with the existence of laminar and incompressible Newtonian nanofluid in two dimensions and develops an alternative model to avoid the single-phase model limitations considering the influence of Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameter for the nonhomogeneous nanofluid on permeable cylinders. Employing group method and similarity transformation, the governing mathematical model was transformed into a simpler system of ordinary differential equations. The system of equations is numerically computed. The numerical investigation included different governing parameters namely: Prandtl number Pr, thermophoresis parameter Nt, Brownian motion parameter Nb, Reynolds number Re, and Schmidt number, Sc. Studying these parameters helps to obtain the characteristic of the flow and heat transfer. The numerical examination is illustrated in graphs to examine their effect on different fluid characteristics. Increasing Pr hurdles the nanofluid velocity, temperature, and nanoparticles concentration, while it increases the pressure due to the viscosity increment. Moreover, increasing Nt activates the thermal energy of the nanofluid which in turn increases velocity, temperature distribution, and nanoparticles concentration. A comparison between the obtained results and the previously published results indicated an excellent agreement.