Key result
Second preeclampsia was associated with significantly decreased risks of heart disease, edema, complications, and NICU admission compared to the first occurrence (odds ratios ranging from 0.157 to 0.336).
Why the study?
The clinical severity of a second occurrence of preeclampsia compared with the first preeclampsia remained to be established.
Does the second occurrence of preeclampsia exhibit worse clinical severity and outcomes compared to the first occurrence in women with two consecutive preeclamptic pregnancies?
Cohort (n=151)
Yes
Does the second occurrence of preeclampsia exhibit worse clinical severity and outcomes compared to the first occurrence in women with two consecutive preeclamptic pregnancies?
Contrary to expectations, a second occurrence of preeclampsia does not exhibit worse clinical manifestations or outcomes compared to the first occurrence, and is associated with lower risks of certain complications.
Challenges expectation of worsening severity with recurrent preeclampsia; hypothesis-generating for selection effects or biology in observational data.
OBJECTIVE: Compare the clinical severity of second preeclampsia with the first preeclampsia. METHODS: This retrospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted in three teaching hospitals in Guangzhou, where there were a total of 296 405 deliveries between 2010 and 2021. Two consecutive singleton deliveries complicated with preeclampsia were included. Clinical features, laboratory results within 1 week before delivery, and maternal and neonatal outcomes of both deliveries were collected. Univariate analyses were made using paired Wilcoxon tests and McNemar tests. Multivariable logistic regression and generalized linear models were performed to assess the association of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes with second preeclampsia. RESULTS: A total of 151 women were included in the study. The mean maternal age was 28 and 33 years for the first and second deliveries, respectively. The proportion of preventive acetylsalicylic acid use was 4.6% for the first delivery and 15.2% for the second delivery. No significant differences were observed in terms of blood pressure on admission, gestational weeks of admission and delivery, application of perinatal antihypertensive agents, rates of preterm delivery, and severe features between the two occurrences. However, the rates of heart disease, edema, and admission to the ICU were lower, and hospital stays were shorter in the second preeclampsia compared with the first preeclampsia. Sensitivity analysis conducted among women who did not use preventive acetylsalicylic acid yielded similar results. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, the occurrence of second preeclampsia was associated with significantly decreased risks of heart disease, edema, complications, and admission to the NICU, with odds ratios ranging between 0.157 and 0.336. CONCLUSION: Contrary to expectations, the second preeclampsia did not exhibit worse manifestations or outcomes to the first occurrence. In fact, some clinical features and outcomes appeared to be better in the second preeclampsia.
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Zhang et al. (2024) conducted a cohort in Preeclampsia (n=151). Second preeclampsia vs. First preeclampsia was evaluated on Adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes (heart disease, edema, complications, and admission to the NICU) (OR 0.157-0.336). Second preeclampsia was associated with significantly decreased risks of heart disease, edema, complications, and NICU admission compared to the first occurrence (odds ratios ranging from 0.157 to 0.336).
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