Key result
A novel atypical porcine pestivirus lineage within genotype 3, named Anna/2020, was identified in Japanese piglets with congenital tremor, showing 87.0-89.3% sequence identity to known strains.
Why the study?
Atypical porcine pestivirus is associated with congenital tremor in pigs and found globally, but no report of the virus in Japan had been published.
The study identifies a novel atypical porcine pestivirus lineage in Japan, expanding the known geographic distribution and genetic diversity of the virus associated with congenital tremor in pigs.
Extends known APPV range to Japan; leaves open its contribution to congenital tremor and need for targeted swine surveillance.
Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), which has been confirmed to be associated with congenital tremor (CT) in pigs, is a newly discovered porcine virus that has been found in the Americas, Europe, and Asia; however, no report of APPV in Japan has been published. We identified an APPV in the central nervous system of Japanese piglets with CT, and firstly determined and analyzed the complete genome sequence. Phylogenetic analysis using the complete genome nucleotide sequence of the Japanese APPV, named Anna/2020, and those of APPVs from the NCBI database showed that APPVs were divided into three genotypes (genotypes 1 to 3), and that Anna/2020 clustered with the genotype 3 APPV strains, but distantly branched from these strains. Pairwise complete coding region nucleotide sequence comparisons revealed that there was 94.0% to 99.7% sequence identity among the genotype 3 strains, while Anna/2020 showed 87.0% to 89.3% identity to those genotype 3 strains, suggesting that Anna/2020 represents a novel APPV lineage within genotype 3. Retrospective examinations using RT-PCR revealed one genotype 1 and two novel genotype 3 APPVs from pigs without CT, and that novel genotype 3 APPVs have been prevalent in Japan since at least 2007.
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Kasahara‐Kamiie et al. (2021) studied Congenital tremor in pigs. Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) was evaluated on Complete genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis. A novel atypical porcine pestivirus lineage within genotype 3, named Anna/2020, was identified in Japanese piglets with congenital tremor, showing 87.0-89.3% sequence identity to known strains.
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