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Counterion-mediated attractions between like-charged rods lead to macroscopic phase separation at equilibrium, but here we show that the unique kinetics of domain (bundle) growth in this system prevent it from reaching equilibrium. We find an energy barrier to bundle growth that increases linearly with the bundle diameter, which should lead to metastable bundles of a fairly well-defined size.
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Ha et al. (1999) studied this question.
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