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September 5, 2026Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport

Psychological Need Satisfaction During Physical Activity: Differences Across Physical and Social Contexts in a Large-Scale Study

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Authors

LHLori HatzingerWWWei-Lin WangRCRachel Crosley‐Lyons

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Overview

Observational study reveals outdoor and social exercise settings satisfy diverse psychological needs in adults, suggesting context-tailored activities promote sustained physical activity.

Key Points

  • To examine patterns of psychological-need satisfaction across 30 physical activity contexts and determine whether satisfaction across specific need domains correlates with leisure-time exercise frequency.
  • Surveyed 843 adults (mean age 39.78 years, range 18–79) across 30 physical and social exercise environments.
  • Evaluated perceived satisfaction across 13 psychological-need domains, including safety, novelty, creativity, mindfulness, challenge, and morality.
  • Analyzed the relationship between domain-specific need satisfaction and leisure-time physical activity frequency while controlling for participant age.
  • Outdoor settings and socially connected contexts (in person or virtual) satisfied the highest number of psychological needs, whereas audio-only contexts satisfied the fewest.
  • Safety and physical-comfort needs were met across the widest range of settings, whereas morality, challenge, and social-esteem needs were met across the fewest settings.
  • Controlling for age, satisfaction across 11 of the 13 psychological-need domains—excluding only safety and physical comfort—was positively associated with higher leisure-time physical activity frequency.

Cite This Study

Hatzinger et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9bd3c76b95aff0620eafc7https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2026.2720487
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