What does this research mean for the field?

Gender functions as an electoral cleavage where its relevance depends on the specific type of conflict a policy activates, with opposition to trans rights driving right-wing voting and general sympathy for feminism driving left-wing voting. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To identify which specific gender-related attitudes influence vote choice and why certain gender policies become electorally consequential while others do not.

September 5, 2026Electoral StudiesOpen Access

Does gender enter the ballot box? Uncovering gender dynamics in Spanish voting patterns

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To identify which specific gender-related attitudes influence vote choice and why certain gender policies become electorally consequential while others do not.
Analyzed the July 2023 Spanish general election by combining a post-election survey of voters with systematic analysis of political party messaging.
Evaluated both supply-side party positioning on gender topics and demand-side relationships between individual policy attitudes and party vote choice.
Opposition to transgender rights and legal gender self-determination was the only gender-policy attitude significantly associated with vote choice, driving increased support for the right-wing PP and radical-right Vox.
General sympathy toward the feminist movement was positively associated with voting for the left-wing coalition Sumar and negatively associated with voting for right-wing parties.

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Implication

Electoral analysis reveals opposition to trans rights drives right-wing voting in Spain, indicating gender policies act as selective political cleavages.

Cite This Study

Castro et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9bd3f16b95aff0620eb38b https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2026.103134

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Implication

Electoral analysis reveals opposition to trans rights drives right-wing voting in Spain, indicating gender policies act as selective political cleavages.

Does gender enter the ballot box? Uncovering gender dynamics in Spanish voting patterns

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

Does gender enter the ballot box? Uncovering gender dynamics in Spanish voting patterns

Key Points

Discussion

Implication

Cite This Study

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