What does this research mean for the field?

Compliance with laboratory material standards alone is insufficient to guarantee satisfactory field performance of breakwaters when geometric nonconformity and material heterogeneity are present. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To identify contributing causes of severe, premature deterioration observed in a coastal rubble-mound breakwater within one year of construction.

September 5, 2026Civil Engineering and ArchitectureOpen Access

Forensic Evaluation of Premature Breakwater Degradation Using Volumetric and Petrographic Evidence

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Authors

MRMohammad Junaedy RahmanState University of Makassar MFMeutia FaridaHasanuddin University FYFurqan Ali Yusuf

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Implication

Forensic post-construction assessment reveals severe volumetric deviation and limestone heterogeneity in a degraded breakwater, highlighting limitations of standard laboratory testing.

Key Points

To identify contributing causes of severe, premature deterioration observed in a coastal rubble-mound breakwater within one year of construction.
Conducted post-construction field surveys and document reviews in Selayar Regency, Indonesia, to document structural distress such as armour displacement, core fragmentation, and crest lowering.
Combined volumetric profile analysis comparing surveyed post-construction geometry against design plans with laboratory petrographic thin-section examinations of local limestone.
Identified a 733.05 m³ volumetric deviation between the as-built survey and design specifications, confirming major structural mass loss and geometric nonconformity.
Petrographic analysis demonstrated wide lithological variability in source limestone, including highly porous and weakly cemented rock that failed despite meeting standard abrasion and salt-crystallization compliance thresholds.

Cite This Study

Rahman et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9bd4606b95aff0620ec070 https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2026.140502

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Implication

Forensic post-construction assessment reveals severe volumetric deviation and limestone heterogeneity in a degraded breakwater, highlighting limitations of standard laboratory testing.

Forensic Evaluation of Premature Breakwater Degradation Using Volumetric and Petrographic Evidence

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Forensic Evaluation of Premature Breakwater Degradation Using Volumetric and Petrographic Evidence

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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