Dual role of ANGPTL8 in promoting tumor cell proliferation and immune escape during hepatocarcinogenesis

The interplay between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and the tumor microenvironment is essential for hepatocarcinogenesis, but their contributions to HCC development are incompletely understood. We assessed the role of ANGPTL8, a protein secreted by HCC cells, in hepatocarcinogenesis and the mechanisms through which ANGPTL8 mediates crosstalk between HCC cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Immunohistochemical, Western blotting, RNA-Seq and Flow cytometry analysis of ANGPTL8 were performed. A series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to reveal the role of ANGPTL8 in the progression of HCC. ANGPTL8expression was positively correlated with tumor malignancy in HCC, and high ANGPTL8 expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). ANGPTL8 promoted HCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and ANGPTL8KO inhibited the development of HCC in both DEN-induced and DEN-plus-CCL4-induced mouse HCC tumors. Mechanistically, the ANGPTL8–LILRB2/PIRB interaction promoted polarization of macrophages to the immunosuppressive M2 phenotype in macrophages and recruiting immunosuppressive T cells. In hepatocytes, ANGPTL8-mediated stimulation of LILRB2/PIRB regulated the ROS/ERK pathway and upregulated autophagy, leading to proliferation of HCC cells. Our data support that ANGPTL8 has dual role of in promoting tumor cell proliferation and immune escape during hepatocarcinogenesis.