Key result
Compared to the lowest deprivation quartile, individuals in the highest deprivation quartile had a 42% higher risk of developing cardiometabolic multi-morbidity (HR 1.42).
Why the study?
The relation of social deprivation with single cardiometabolic diseases has been widely investigated, but its association with cardiometabolic multi-morbidity is poorly understood.
Does high social deprivation increase the risk of incident cardiometabolic disease, cardiometabolic multi-morbidity, and all-cause mortality in adults without baseline cardiometabolic disease?
Cohort (n=345,417)
Yes
Does high social deprivation increase the risk of incident cardiometabolic disease, cardiometabolic multi-morbidity, and all-cause mortality in adults without baseline cardiometabolic disease?
Hazard Ratio: 1.42 (95% CI 1.35–1.48)
p-value: p=2.63 x 10^-50
High social deprivation is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiometabolic diseases, multi-morbidity, and all-cause mortality, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions to address health inequalities.
High deprivation was associated with cardiometabolic multi-morbidity; leaves open causal effects and intervention benefits.
BACKGROUND: The relation of social deprivation with single cardiometabolic disease (CMD) was widely investigated, whereas the association with cardiometabolic multi-morbidity (CMM), defined as experiencing more than two CMDs during the lifetime, is poorly understood. METHODS: We analyzed 345,417 UK Biobank participants without any CMDs at recruitment to study the relation between social deprivation and four CMDs including type II diabetes (T2D), coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke and hypertension. Social deprivation was measured by Townsend deprivation index (TDI), and CMM was defined as occurrence of two or more of the above four diseases. Multivariable Cox models were performed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) per one standard deviation (SD) change and in quartile (Q1-Q4, with Q1 as reference), as well as 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS: During the follow up, 68,338 participants developed at least one CMD (median follow up of 13.2 years), 16,225 further developed CMM (median follow up of 13.4 years), and 18,876 ultimately died from all causes (median follow up of 13.4 years). Compared to Q1 of TDI (lowest deprivation), the multivariable adjusted HR (95%CIs) of Q4 (highest deprivation) among participants free of any CMDs was 1.23 (1.20 ~ 1.26) for developing one CMD, 1.42 (1.35 ~ 1.48) for developing CMM, and 1.34 (1.27 ~ 1.41) for all-cause mortality. Among participants with one CMD, the adjusted HR (95%CIs) of Q4 was 1.30 (1.27 ~ 1.33) for developing CMM and 1.34 (1.27 ~ 1.41) for all-cause mortality, with HR (95%CIs) = 1.11 (1.06 ~ 1.16) for T2D patients, 1.07 (1.03 ~ 1.11) for CAD patients, 1.07 (1.00 ~ 1.15) for stroke patients, and 1.24 (1.21 ~ 1.28) for hypertension patients. Among participants with CMM, TDI was also related to the risk of all-cause mortality (HR of Q4 = 1.35, 95%CIs 1.28 ~ 1.43). CONCLUSIONS: We revealed that people living with high deprived conditions would suffer from higher hazard of CMD, CMM and all-cause mortality.
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Jiang et al. (2023) conducted a cohort in Cardiometabolic multi-morbidity (CMM) (n=345,417). High social deprivation (Townsend deprivation index) vs. Lowest social deprivation quartile (Q1) was evaluated on Development of cardiometabolic multi-morbidity (CMM) (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.35-1.48, p=2.63 x 10^-50). Compared to the lowest deprivation quartile, individuals in the highest deprivation quartile had a 42% higher risk of developing cardiometabolic multi-morbidity (HR 1.42).
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