Pericoronary fat inflammation and Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) in prediabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction: effects of metformin

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Flow-chart of the study protocol

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  Fig. 2. a Leptin to adiponectin ratio, in pericoronary fat specimens from 180 normal glucose patients and 180 prediabetic patients matched with propensity score analysis (PSM). (Boxplot, a plot type that displays the median, 25th, and 75th percentiles and range). *P < 0.01 vs. normal glucose patients. b Leptin to adiponectin ratio, in pericoronary fat specimens from 58 prediabetic never metformin users, and 58 prediabetic metformin users. ‡P < 0.01 vs. never metformin users. Data are mean ± SD

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  Fig. 3. a Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, in pericoronary fat specimens from 180 normal glucose patients and 180 prediabetic patients *P < 0.01 vs. normal glucose patients. b TNF-α levels, in pericoronary fat specimens from 58 prediabetic never metformin users and current metformin users. ‡P<0.01 vs. never metformin users. Data are mean ± SD

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  Fig. 4. a Sirtuin-6 (SIRT6) levels, in pericoronary fat specimens from 180 normal glucose patients and 180 prediabetic patients matched with propensity score analysis (PSM). *P < 0.01 vs. normal glucose patients. b SIRT6 levels, in pericoronary fat specimens from 58 prediabetic never metformin users, and 58 prediabetic metformin users. ‡P < 0.01 vs never metformin users. Data are mean ± SD

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  Fig. 5. a Regression analysis evidences a relationship between pericoronary fat leptin to adiponectin ratio and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the overall study population. This analysis showed that the values of pericoronary TNF-α content (dependent variables) changed when pericoronary fat leptin to adiponectin ratio (independent variable) varied, while the other independent variables are held fixed. b Regression analysis evidences a relationship between pericoronary fat leptin to adiponectin ratio and sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) levels in the overall study population. This analysis showed that the values of pericoronary SIRT6 content (dependent variables) changed when fat pericoronary leptin to adiponectin ratio (independent variable) varied, while the other independent variables are held fixed

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  Fig. 6. a Kaplan–Meier survival curves in PSM normal glucose and prediabetic patients. b Kaplan–Meier survival curves in PSM prediabetic never metformin users and prediabetic current metformin users. Overall survival and event-free survival are presented using, and compared using the log-rank test

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  Fig. 7. Kaplan–Meier survival curves according to TNF-α (a), SIRT6 (b) and leptin (c) and adiponectin (d) terziles. SPSS version 23.0 (IBM statistics) was used for all statistical analyses. Overall survival and event-free survival are presented using, and compared using the log-rank test