Key result
Ozone reversed doxorubicin-induced changes in gene expression and suppressed TLR4/NF-kB signaling, protecting H9c2 heart myoblasts from cardiotoxicity.
Why the study?
Doxorubicin clinical use is limited by side effects such as cardiomyocyte injury, while studies indicate ozone may protect cardiomyocytes from injuries.
Hypothesis-generating for ozone in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity; leaves open translation beyond H9c2 myoblasts.
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used drug in the treatment of cancers, whereas its application in the clinical stage is restricted because of side effects such as cardiomyocyte injury. Increasing studies indicated that ozone may protect cardiomyocytes from injuries. This study aimed to explore the effects of ozone on cardiotoxicity induced by DOX treatment. Rat heart myoblasts (H9c2) were treated with increasing concentrations of DOX (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 μM) to induce cell injury. 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo(-2)-3,5-diphenytetrazoliumromide assay and flow cytometry analysis were used to measure the viability and apoptosis of H9c2 cells. The mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-(IL)1β, and IL-6, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), and the key factors on the TLR4/NF-kB signaling (TLR4, p-p65, and p65) were measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western blot. The result showed that DOX promoted apoptosis and increased the expression of TNF-α (by 3.65-fold changes), IL-1β (by 4.98-fold changes), IL-6 (by 3.44-fold changes), MMP-2 (by 1.98-fold changes), and MMP-9 (by 1.98-fold changes) levels in H9c2 cells. Moreover, the introduction of ozone reversed these changes in gene expression and suppressed the activation of the TLR4/NF-kB signaling, which indicated that ozone may exert protective effects on H9c2 heart myoblasts by relieving the cardiotoxicity induced by DOX. Our study provides theoretical basis for the significance of ozone in managing doxorubicin-induced H9c2 heart myoblast injury.
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A 2021 study studied Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Ozone vs. Doxorubicin alone was evaluated on Cell viability, apoptosis, and expression of proinflammatory cytokines and MMPs. Ozone reversed doxorubicin-induced changes in gene expression and suppressed TLR4/NF-kB signaling, protecting H9c2 heart myoblasts from cardiotoxicity.
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