Forced Expulsion of Afghan Refugees from Iran after 2025 Strikes

This study examines the impact of Israel’s June 2025 military strikes on Iran on Afghan refugees living in the country. The attacks intensified refugees’ vulnerabilities by increasing psychological distress, physical insecurity, limited access to essential services, and pressures for forced return. Forced repatriation to Taliban-controlled Afghanistan—already facing economic collapse and human rights violations—would exacerbate humanitarian risks and violate international protection norms. Using qualitative analysis of UN reports, displacement data, and refugee law frameworks, the study highlights the urgent need for coordinated responses among Iran, Afghanistan, and international organisations. Findings emphasize upholding non-refoulement principles, enhancing cross-border humanitarian cooperation, and addressing root causes of displacement. This research provides actionable insights for policymakers, legal actors, and humanitarian agencies working to protect refugee rights in conflict-affected regions.