Active Essence of Chrysanthemum morifolium: Comprehensive Study of Chemical Characteristics and Bioactivity

The primary goal of this study was to comprehensively analyze the chemical characteristics and bioactivity of the active essence of Chrysanthemum morifolium.The study identified a rich presence of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, caffeoylquinic acids, and essential oils, in Chrysanthemum morifolium.Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry revealed the presence of 7 caffeoylquinic acids, 21 flavones and flavonols, 4 carotenoids, and 13 other compounds across various cultivars.Ultrasonic-assisted extraction optimized the analysis of eight bioactive compounds, enhancing the efficiency and sensitivity of the extraction process.The essential oils exhibited significant antimicrobial, antiviral, and antioxidant activities, with camphor being a major constituent.Additionally, the flower extract demonstrated potential in ameliorating obesity-induced inflammation and enhancing muscle mitochondrial content and AMPK/SIRT1 activities in obese rats.Metabolomics approaches identified kaempferol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and apigenin as key xanthine oxidase inhibitors, suggesting their role in anti-hyperuricemic potential.The study also highlighted the importance of chlorogenic acid and other compounds as quality markers for antioxidant activity.The findings underscore the significant bioactive potential of Chrysanthemum morifolium, supporting its traditional use in food, beverages, and medicine.The identified compounds and their bioactivities suggest potential applications in developing natural preservatives, anti-inflammatory agents, and treatments for metabolic disorders.