Key result
Two-way fluid-structure interaction modeling revealed that rigid wall CFD models overestimate wall shear stress and velocity compared to the FSI model in a patient-specific left coronary artery.
Why the study?
Hemodynamic studies of arterial blood flow are critical for decision-making in cardiac disease, motivating two-way fluid-structure interaction analysis to assess the effect of stenosis on hemodynamic parameters.
Fluid-structure interaction modeling provides more realistic hemodynamic assessments of coronary stenosis by avoiding the overestimation of wall shear stress and velocity seen in rigid wall models.
FSI models show stenosis-driven pressure drops and wall stress missed by rigid CFD; leaves open whether these refine coronary risk stratification.
BACKGROUND: The blood flow in the human artery has been a subject of sincere interest due to its prime importance linked with human health. The hemodynamic study has revealed an essential aspect of blood flow that eventually proved to be paramount to make a correct decision to treat patients suffering from cardiac disease. OBJECTIVE: The current study aims to elucidate the two-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) analysis of the blood flow and the effect of stenosis on hemodynamic parameters. METHODS: A patient-specific 3D model of the left coronary artery was constructed based on computed tomography (CT) images. The blood is assumed to be incompressible, homogenous, and behaves as Non-Newtonian, while the artery is considered as a nonlinear elastic, anisotropic, and incompressible material. Pulsatile flow conditions were applied at the boundary. Two-way coupled FSI modeling approach was used between fluid and solid domain. The hemodynamic parameters such as the pressure, velocity streamline, and wall shear stress were analyzed in the fluid domain and the solid domain deformation. RESULTS: The simulated results reveal that pressure drop exists in the vicinity of stenosis and a recirculation region after the stenosis. It was noted that stenosis leads to high wall stress. The results also demonstrate an overestimation of wall shear stress and velocity in the rigid wall CFD model compared to the FSI model.
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A 2021 study studied Coronary artery stenosis (n=1). Two-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) modeling vs. Rigid wall CFD model was evaluated on Hemodynamic parameters including pressure, velocity streamline, wall shear stress, and solid domain deformation. Two-way fluid-structure interaction modeling revealed that rigid wall CFD models overestimate wall shear stress and velocity compared to the FSI model in a patient-specific left coronary artery.
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