Key result
High consumption of dark chocolate was associated with significantly intensified arterial stiffness, demonstrated by a lower peak-to-peak time of 213.86 ms compared to 238.70 ms in low consumers.
Why the study?
Dietary habits influence health, but their effects on arterial stiffness have not been well-investigated.
Do specific dietary patterns influence arterial stiffness, lipid metabolism, and liver and renal function in the population of Greater Poland?
Cross-Sectional (n=829)
Yes
Do specific dietary patterns influence arterial stiffness, lipid metabolism, and liver and renal function in the population of Greater Poland?
High consumption of red meat and dark chocolate is associated with intensified cardiovascular risk markers, whereas whole grain product intake shows contrasting beneficial associations.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Associations of red meat and dark chocolate with worse arterial stiffness markers advise against causal inference; leaves open need for prospective confirmation.
BACKGROUND: The consumption of breakfast, salty meals, red meat, whole grain products, and dark chocolate are dietary habits that influence health, but the effects on arterial stiffness have not been well-investigated. Aim. To assess the effects of selected dietary patterns on arterial stiffness, liver and renal function, inflammation, and glucose and lipid biochemical parameters. METHODS: 829 patients completed health and food frequency questionnaires, and underwent anthropometric, arterial stiffness, and blood pressure measurements. Serum concentrations of lipids, glucose, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, creatinine, uric acid, and C-reactive protein were determined. RESULTS: The aspartate aminotransferase serum concentration was lower in the breakfast-consuming group (25.88 ±7.05 U/L) compared to non-consumers (27.75 ±10.67 U/L). A lower concentration of creatinine and alanine aminotransferase and a higher concentration of C-reactive protein was found in whole grain product consumers. Individuals consuming more red meat had higher alanine aminotransferase and low-density lipoprotein serum concentrations. Individuals with greater dark chocolate consumption had higher serum concentrations of uric acid (5.20 ±1.46 vs. 4.72 ±1.18) and more intensified arterial stiffness (peak-to-peak time 213.86 ±54.98 ms vs. 238.70 ±60.83 ms). CONCLUSIONS: The investigated dietary patterns had a significant impact on serum lipid concentrations, biochemical markers of liver and renal function and inflammation, and arterial stiffness. High consumption of red meat and dark chocolate intensified cardiovascular risk, contrary to the intake of whole grain products.
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Skrypnik et al. (2020) conducted a cross-sectional in General population (n=829). High dark chocolate consumption vs. Low dark chocolate consumption was evaluated on Arterial stiffness (peak-to-peak time in ms) (p=0.02). High consumption of dark chocolate was associated with significantly intensified arterial stiffness, demonstrated by a lower peak-to-peak time of 213.86 ms compared to 238.70 ms in low consumers.
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