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The fabrication of optical waveguides in sapphire by the thermal diffusion of titanium is reported. Singlemode operation at λ = 633 nm was observed following diffusion at 1950±30°C for up to 3.5 h. Waveguide mode intensity profiles are given and mode depths between 6.2 and 9.6 µm ± 1 µm were obtained in the TE polarisation.
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Hickey et al. (1996) studied this question.
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